Buyers without Swiss residence or establishment need cantonal authorization inside federal quotas, and some cantons add their own restrictions on top. EU/EFTA residents buying a main home are largely outside the permit; holiday flats and pure investments are inside it.
Closing costs are cantonal: Zurich levies no transfer tax at all — registry fees only — while Geneva charges around 3% in cantonal and communal duties. Notary scales are cantonal too. One national average would be a number nobody pays.
Rents track the federal reference mortgage rate, deposits cap at three months in a blocked account, and Geneva and Vaud require the official form for the initial rent and every increase. Lex Weber caps second homes at 20% per commune. sivrce.com/ch is the canonical Switzerland URL.